Pavement



J. R. DRANEY.

PAVEMENT. APPLICATION FILED JULY 14. 1916.

1,364,620. Patented Jan. 4, 1921.

. Slnwfloz 766965, i l-Drank? UNITED" STATES PATENT OFF-ICE.

JOSEPH R. DBANEY, OF BIDGEWOOD,-'

NEW mnsmr, AssIGNon, BY MESNE ASSIGN-" IEN'TS, TO BITOSLAG PAVING GOMP ANY, OF NEW YORK, 11'. Y., A. CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

ravnmnu'r.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, J OSEPH- R. DRANEY, a citizenof the United States, residing at Ridge-wood, in'the' county of Bergen and State of New Jersey, have invented new and'useful Improvements in Pavements, of

' ,which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to pave ments, and has'to do more particularly with pavement foundations, which foundations vare laid upon the prepared ground, so that a bed of suflicient rigidity to withstand trafiicstrains, temperature changes, and the 0 7 like is secured, over which foundation any i it has further been the practice to bind by cement such broken stone', so that a founda tion of great'rigidity, over which a suitable "wearing surface, usually bituminous, may

belplaced, is provided.

the advantage 'of furnishing a rigid foundation, presents certain disadvantages from a practical standpoint,one of which is that it is not entirely waterproof, and when the wearing surface is destroyed is subject to the attacks of moisture, which results in its rapid deterioration, and compels the utilization of a water repellent wearing surface so as to prevent moisture from reaching and attacking the foundation.

- V dations requires-a large amount of reliminary work before the wearingisur' ace can Again there is not such cohesion ofthe wearing surface and the foundation as is desirable, owing to the structural differences 'between'foundation and wearing surface,

and the organic differences in the materials used, and, furthermore, such a foundation has not the resiliency which is desirable. Furthermore the matter of laying such foun- Speeifieation of hitters Patent.

Application filed July '14, 1916. Serial No. 109,262

Patented beapplied, and in building both the stone Jan. 4, 192i.

and the stone and cement foundations con- .siderable time is consumed, both in the application of the stone and cement material to the prepared ground, and the setting of thismaterial prior to the application of" the;

wearing surface. My present invention is designed-to, and does, in fact, overcome the objections noted in connection with the class of pavement i.

just discussed, and it contemplates the use as a foundation element of a particular kind of asphalt combined with asuitable mineral aggregate, and so laid as that the work of laying the foundation may be expeditiously proceeded withg its union with the wearing surface will be much better, and its ooeflicient of resiliency will be higher than that of the ordinary foundation, although a rigidity suflicient to meet trafiic requirements 1s secured.

I accomplish these objects by using a mixture of blown or oxidized asphalt with a suitable mineral aggregate graded to such mesh as will give-a readily workable and col L herent mixture, and I. have found that good pavt ent so constructed while having results-are obtainable from the use of coarse sand, such as is available in many localities. Asphalt produced by oxidization from which is'higher than "that of the asphalt produced from petroleum bases by the ordi nary distillation method. While the cementing qualities of such oxidized asphalt are less than the usual distilled asphalt, yetit is not so easily affected I by the change of temperature, and is less yielding, so that when combined with a mineral aggregate, which ispreferably coarse in comparison with the finer aggregatefor surfacing mixtures, a base or foundation is secured which is sufficiently rigid to stand up under trafl ic without dangenof, crawling or disintegrating, and yet which has a certain desirable resiliency not found in the cement and rock bases commonly in,use.

Blown asphalt has several advantages over the binders now commonly in use in makin foundations. It isless fluid than distille asphalt and, therefore, is a rnore stable constituent and one which will resist any tendency of the foundation to shift'under trafiic stresses. It is less'susceptible to temperature and will-not soften at high temperatures which would tend to cause flowing of distilled asphalt; though'its quality is such that low temperatures do not cause any undue or dele- -may be utilized, but that produced from cult to obtain.

immaterial, and will, of course, depend upon terious brittleness. It gives up its oil content very slowly, so that its life is much prolonged and its resiliencymaintained over a considerably longer period than the ordinary distilled asphalt.

These qualities render it peculiarly wellfitted for foundations, where resiliency, stability, immunity'from temperature changes, and repellence of the attacks of moisture are highly essential; and, what is also important it gives the foundation an afiinity for wearing surfaces which is desirable and tends to a homogeneity of the road structure which is much to be desired.

In my experiments I have found that an oxidized asphalt from various petroleums Mexican petroleum is preferable, as the resultingproduct has proved to be superior in some respects to the products from other petroleums. s While this. foundation of mineral aggregate and oxidized asphalt may belaid in various ways, I' have found that the method of depositing it in relatively thin layers or plies is advantageous, for the reason that if the deposit is too thick it is not easily handled, and the compression desired is difli The number of layers is the traffic load which the road is designed to carry, but regardless of the number of layers of oxidized asphalt and mineral aggregate "which are specified,,the deposit of each layer should be a'separate operation, and the layers may, of course, differ in thickness if desired and in such case the heaviest layer would preferably be the bottom layer. The several layers should preferably set or cure prior to the application of the succeeding layer, but a mixture of this type after compress1on by a roller, or other means, 'sets very qu1ckly, so that the work of building up a foundation can proceed expeditiously, and the delay incident to curing or setting cement foiindation'sis done, away with, foundatlons of this'type requiring a considerable period of curing before it ispossible to applthe wearing surface.

11 order thatthe' invention maybe clear my construction and method of laying road- -wa s. r

ig. 2 isa view similar to Fig. 1 showing a single foundation layer as distinguished from the plurality of foundation layers shown in Fig. 2.

Referring 'to' the drawings by numerals,

.like numbers indicating like parts in the several views, 10 indicates the sub-base or earth upon which the roadway is laid.

The foundation layers are indicated by numerals 11, these being deposited as stated upon the subbase.

The top or wearing surface is indicatedby thenumeral 12, which top or wearing surface may, of course, be of any suitable adherent material.

In the form shown in Fig. 2, I have illustrated the use of one foundation layer 11 as ilistinguished from the use ofa plurality of ayers.

With the asphaltic foundation prepared in accordance with my invention may be used any suitable wearing surface, and a very desirable union between the foundation and the wearing surface will be secured, particularly if the not uncommon asphaltic wearing surface made up of asphalt and a fine mineral aggregate be used, so that a better balance is brought about between the foundation and the wearing surface, and the liability of separation and crawling of one relative to the other is much reduced. Furthermore this foundation while rigid enough to withstand traflic strains has an element of resiliency not found. in the cementitious foundations, giving a more yieldm base,

and one which will relieve to a consi erable Y extent'the tendency of the wearing'surface to distintegrate or'move under trafiic.

I claim W M 1. A pavement comprising a foundation formed of a mixture of oxidized asphalt pavement foundation comprlsing a mixture of oxidized asphalt from Mexican-Petroleum and mineral aggrqgate. ,1;

foundation com a ing roadways which consists in laying a foundation layer of oxidized asphalt and a mineral aggregate upon a suitable bed, allowing such layer to cure or set to an appreciable degree,-applying successive layers tosaid first named layer and allowing .each

successive layer to cure beforeapplying a 15' succeeding layer, until the desired thickness of foundationis secured, and applying to such "foundation an adherent wearing sur- 7 face.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 20 my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' v I JOSEPH R. DRANEY. Witnesses:

M. F. ODUL',

F. ODONE. 

